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Intrauterine Device- IUD
(hormonal & non-hormonal)
Online Birth Control Education

The IUD is a small T-shaped plastic device. Two types of IUDs are now available in the U.S. The ParaGard IUD contains copper and can be left in place for up to 12 years and the Mirena IUD contains the hormone progestin and can be left in place for up to 5 years. The IUD appears to work primarily by preventing fertilization of the egg. IUDs seem to affect the way the sperm or egg move. The progestin in the Mirena also thickens the cervical mucus. The copper in the ParaGard impairs sperm function.

A health care provider inserts the IUD in the office. Usually there is some cramping with insertion. This method is completely reversible at any time and it is effective immediately after insertion.

Advantages

• Highly effective
• Very safe
• Long lasting (up to 5-12 years)
• The ParaGard IUD contains no hormones
• The Mirena IUD contains no estrogen
• Does not interfere with sex
• Cost-effective
• The Mirena IUD can decrease menstrual bleeding

Disadvantages

• Some women experience heavier and longer menstrual bleeding and cramping with the ParaGard IUD and this usually decreases by 2-3 cycles
• Irregular bleeding in early months with either IUD
• Cramping and pain at insertion (lasts about 10-15 minutes)
• There is a 2-10% chance of expelling the IUD in the first year
• No protection from sexually transmitted infections

Availability & Efficacy

• Availability: Not available at Student Health Services, but appointments with an SHS provider are available for consultation and referral to an outside provider.
• Failure rate:
  • ParaGard typical use: 0.8%, perfect use: 0.6%
  • Mirena typical use: 0.2%, perfect use: 0.2%

Recommended Resources

• Understanding IUDs (Association of Reproductive Health Professionals)

 

Online Birth Control Education
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last reviewed: Spring 2005